Before the establishment of Madrasah Rahmaniya, a small Maktab (elementary religious school) had already been founded in the locality of Sheikhpura, Supaul. Later, through the efforts and motivation of Hazrat Maulana Muhammad Arif Sahib of Harsinghpuri, that Maktab was elevated to the status of a Madrasah. The institution was named Madrasah Rahmaniya in honor of Qutb-e-Dauran Hazrat Maulana Fazlur Rahman Ganj Muradabadi (رحمۃ اللہ علیہ). The teaching activities of the Madrasah began in 1322 A.H., and Arif Billah Hazrat Maulana Muhammad Arif Sahib Harsinghpuri himself took charge of the teaching and educational duties. The region of Supaul, Peerwal, and Muslimabad was the main area of his efforts. After completing his education, Maulana Muhammad Arif Sahib rendered exemplary services for the promotion, preservation, and propagation of Arabic sciences at Madrasah Rahmaniya Supaul. While continuing his teaching mission, he also played a prominent role in reforming the religious practices and beliefs of the people in the area. Hazrat Maulana lived a life of simplicity and asceticism. He was among the distinguished disciples (khulafaʾ) of Hazrat Maulana Syed Muhammad Ali Mungeri (رحمۃ اللہ علیہ), and many miracles (karamat) were manifested through him. On 4th Safar 1363 A.H. (corresponding to 4 February 1933, Friday), he departed from this mortal world at the age of 79 years. The foundation of Madrasah Rahmaniya Supaul was laid at a time when the Muslims of the region were unfamiliar with Islam and its rituals. People lacked even the basic knowledge of religious obligations. Religious schools and maktabs were extremely rare, and due to ignorance, the Muslims of the region were deeply entangled in various customs, traditions, and superstitions. From its very inception, the institution and its devoted members made remarkable efforts for the dissemination of ‘Uloom-e-Nabuwiyyah (Prophetic sciences) in the area. The Madrasah worked tirelessly to eliminate all un-Islamic customs and traditions and played a vital role in building a virtuous and reformed society. With the support and blessings of the Akabir-e-Ummat (elders of the Muslim community), the Madrasah continued to progress, and its sphere of influence expanded widely. Eventually, due to the shortage of space in Sheikhpura locality, the institution was moved to Afzalah locality. However, even today, a Maktab of Madrasah Rahmaniya still operates in Sheikhpura under its supervision. Qutb-e-Alam Hazrat Maulana Syed Muhammad Ali Mungeri (رحمۃ اللہ علیہ) remained the lifelong President (Sadr) of Madrasah Rahmaniya. After his demise, on 13 September 1927, Hazrat Maulana Muhammad Lutfullah Sahib Rahmani was appointed as the President of the Madrasah. He accepted this responsibility of leadership and guidance, setting the institution on the path of progress and offering invaluable services to the Muslim community. He passed away in 1341 A.H. After his death, Hazrat Maulana Syed Shah Muntullah Rahmani (رحمۃ اللہ علیہ) served as the President of the institution for nearly half a century, during which the Madrasah reached the peak of its growth and success. In 1957, at this very institution, Hazrat Maulana Muntullah Rahmani was unanimously chosen as the Amir-e-Shariat. Under his leadership, the Madrasah made remarkable progress. Following the demise of Amir-e-Shariat Rabe (the fourth Amir), Hazrat Maulana Syed Shah Muhammad Wali Rahmani (رحمۃ اللہ علیہ) assumed the presidency of the institution. During his tenure, his decisions regarding all administrative and educational matters were final and binding. After his passing, according to the Jamia’s established principles, the Sajjada Nashin (spiritual successor) of Khanqah Rahmaniya, Munger, automatically becomes the President of the Jamia. At present, Amir-e-Shariat, Bihar–Odisha–Jharkhand–West Bengal, Hazrat Maulana Ahmad Wali Faisal Rahmani (Damat Barakatuhum), also known as Mufakkir-e-Millat, presides over the institution, leading it steadily on the path of progress. Haji Syed Kamaluddin Sahib, a renowned Persian scholar, was the first teacher and principal (Muhtamim) of the Madrasah. After his demise, for some time, Freedom Fighter Hazrat Maulana Muhammad Qasim Sahib Supaulvi took charge as Muhtamim. Later, with his efforts and the consent of the board members, Hazrat Maulana Muhammad Usman Sahib was appointed as Muhtamim in 1353 A.H. Hazrat Maulana Usman Sahib efficiently fulfilled the delicate responsibility of administration alongside teaching and training. He launched a strong awareness movement among the public, transforming the institution into an active religious center recognized by the community. Under his leadership, the Madrasah made comprehensive progress, gaining widespread popularity and community support across North Bihar, Darbhanga district, and the eastern regions such as Saharsa, Purnea, Kishanganj, and Araria. Hazrat Maulana Muhammad Usman Sahib remained Muhtamim and Shaykh-ul-Hadith until his death. He passed away on 13 Safar 1396 A.H. After his demise, Aalim-e-Rabbani Hazrat Maulana Shamsul Huda Saharsavi (رحمۃ اللہ علیہ) was appointed Muhtamim. He was not only a distinguished scholar but also a Shaikh-e-Kamil (perfect spiritual guide). During his tenure, the Madrasah achieved widespread fame, public acceptance, and financial stability. When Hazrat Maulana Shamsul Huda Sahib passed away on 31 January 2005, the current Amir-e-Shariat entrusted the responsibility of administration to Hazrat Maulana Saadullah Siddiqui Sahib (Damat Barakatuhum), who continues to serve as the present Muhtamim of the Madrasah. A large number of students have received education and spiritual benefit from this institution. Hundreds of Ulama (scholars) and Huffaz (memorizers of the Qur’an) have graduated and are serving the cause of Islam both in India and abroad. The graduates of this institution have always played an active role in various religious movements and reformative initiatives. Since this institution is spiritually affiliated with Hazrat Maulana Fazlur Rahman Ganj Muradabadi (رحمۃ اللہ علیہ), it continues its journey with firm determination and perseverance. Guided by this sacred connection, the institution has been advancing on a high standard of religious, educational, missionary, intellectual, and reformative objectives and has now completed around 120 years of its glorious service. At present, Madrasah Rahmaniya offers education from Nazirah (Qur’an reading) and Hifz (memorization) up to the Fazil (graduate) level. Along with Uloom-e-Deeniyah (religious sciences), it also provides Uloom-e-Asriyah (modern subjects). Several departments have been established within the institution to ensure a comprehensive system of education.